A widely-used, low-dose X-ray method, effective for routine breast cancer screening, especially in detecting calcifications and early-stage cancers.

A highly sensitive imaging tool that uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves, often used for high-risk patients or when other imaging tools provide inconclusive results.

A non-invasive tool that detects temperature changes in the breast tissue, which may indicate abnormal cell growth. It’s radiation-free but less widely accepted for routine screening.

Commonly used alongside mammography, ultrasound is helpful in distinguishing solid masses from cysts and in patients with dense breast tissue.

Blood-based cancer screening tools (e.g. liquid biopsies) are emerging as minimally invasive methods to detect biomarkers associated with breast cancer. These include circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), cancer-associated proteins, and microRNAs. While still under development for widespread use, they hold promise for early detection, monitoring disease progression, and tailoring personalised treatment.

A complementary approach based on the concept that each cell emits electromagnetic frequencies. Bioresonance aims to detect energetic imbalances or disruptions associated with disease, including cancer.